What is the main function of a structural column?

The main function of a structural column is to support vertical loads and transfer them to a foundation. Structural columns are essential components of a building's framework; they bear the weight of the floors and roof above while ensuring the stability of the entire structure. By efficiently distributing these loads down to the foundation, columns maintain the structural integrity and can prevent issues such as sagging or total collapse.

While insulation, decorative elements, and electrical wiring may play important roles in building design, they are not the primary functions of structural columns. Insulation typically involves materials that limit heat transfer, decorative elements focus on aesthetics, and electrical wiring installations support utility functions. Therefore, recognizing that the defining role of a structural column revolves around load-bearing and foundational support is crucial for understanding their importance in construction and architecture.